Asking and Stating Age in Japanese

Learning how to ask and state someone’s age is an essential foundation in Japanese. This article will guide you through the basic sentence patterns, provide examples, vocabulary lists, and even exercises. Let’s get started!
Part 1: Sentence Patterns for Asking and Stating Age
# Asking Someone’s Age
To ask someone’s age, use the following sentence pattern:
「Subject + は (wa) + 何歳 (nan sai) + ですか (desu ka)?」
Meaning: “How old is (the subject)?”
Example:
- 「あなたは何歳ですか?」(Anata wa nan sai desu ka?)
Meaning: “How old are you?”
Here are several levels of politeness for asking someone’s age in Japanese:
-
何歳ですか? – Nan-sai desu ka?
The most commonly used phrase. Suitable for casually asking someone’s age, including a third person.
Example:A: 田中さんは何歳ですか?(Tanaka-san wa nan-sai desu ka?)“How old are you, Tanaka-san?”B: 25歳です。(Nijūgo-sai desu.)“I’m 25 years old.”
-
おいくつですか? – Oikutsu desu ka?
More polite than nan-sai desu ka. Appropriate for formal situations or when speaking to someone you respect.
Example:A: 失礼ですが、おいくつですか?
(Shitsurei desu ga, oikutsu desu ka?)
“Excuse me, but how old are you?”
B: 30歳です。(Sanjussai desu.)
“I’m 30 years old.”
- 何歳でいらっしゃいますか? – Nan-sai de irasshaimasu ka?
A very polite version. Used when asking the age of someone older or in a higher position.
Example:A: お元気そうですね!もし失礼でなければ、何歳でいらっしゃいますか?(Ogenki sō desu ne! Moshi shitsurei de nakereba, nan-sai de irasshaimasu ka?)“You seem so energetic! If you don’t mind, may I ask how old you are?”B: 私は55歳でございます。(Watashi wa gojūgo-sai de gozaimasu.)“I’m 55 years old.”
-
おいくつでいらっしゃいますか? – Oikutsu de irasshaimasu ka?
Equally as polite as number 3. Typically used in formal contexts for elders or superiors.
Example:A: 社長、おいくつでいらっしゃいますか?(Shachō, oikutsu de irasshaimasu ka?)“President, may I ask how old you are?”B: 60歳だよ。(Rokujussai da yo.)“I’m 60 years old.”
-
お年はいくつ? – Otoshi wa ikutsu?
More casual, often used for children, friends, or younger people. Adding desu ka at the end makes it slightly more polite.
Example:A: この子はかわいいですね!お年はいくつ?(Kono ko wa kawaii desu ne! Otoshi wa ikutsu?)“This child is so cute! How old are you?”B: 5歳です。(Go-sai desu.)“I’m 5 years old.”
By understanding these levels of politeness, you can choose the most appropriate expression for the situation!
# Stating Age
To answer, use the following sentence pattern:
「Subject + は (wa) + [age] + です (desu).」
Meaning: “(The subject) is [age] years old.”
Example:
- 「私は二十五歳です。」(Watashi wa nijūgo sai desu.)
Meaning: “I am 25 years old.”
Note: In everyday conversation, the particle wa is often omitted. For example:
- 「二十五歳です。」(Nijūgo sai desu.)
Part 2: Example Sentences
Here are five example sentences based on the patterns above:
彼は何歳ですか?(Kare wa nan sai desu ka?) Meaning: “How old is he?”
彼は十七歳です。(Kare wa jūnana sai desu.) Meaning: “He is 17 years old.”
その子は何歳ですか?(Sono ko wa nan sai desu ka?) Meaning: “How old is that child?”
その子は三歳です。(Sono ko wa san sai desu.) Meaning: “That child is 3 years old.”
友達は何歳ですか?(Tomodachi wa nan sai desu ka?) Meaning: “How old is your friend?”
友達は三十歳です。」(Tomodachi wa sanjussai desu.) Meaning: “My friend is 30 years old.”
Part 3: Vocabulary and How to State Ages
Vocabulary Used
Kanji | Hiragana | Romaji | Meaning |
---|---|---|---|
何歳 | なんさい | nan sai | how old |
あなた | あなた | anata | you |
彼 | かれ | kare | he |
子 | こ | ko | child |
友達 | ともだち | tomodachi | friend |
歳 | さい | sai | year (age) |
Complete List of Ages from 1 to 100
Formula for stating age:
- For most numbers: Simply say the number followed by 「さい」(sai).
- Example: 「にさい」(ni sai) for 2 years old.
- For specific exceptions, modify the number:
- 1 year: いっさい (issai)
- 8 years: はっさい (hassai)
- 10 years: じゅっさい (jussai)
- For decades like 20, 30, etc., modify the pronunciation as needed:
- 20 years: はたち (hatachi, special case)
- 30 years: さんじゅっさい (sanjussai)
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Part 4: Exercises
Exercise 1: Asking Someone’s Age
Create sentences using the pattern 「Subject + は (wa) + 何歳 (nan sai) + ですか?」 to ask:
- Your mother’s age.
- A boy’s age.
Exercise 2: Stating Age
Answer the following questions using the pattern 「Subject + は (wa) + [age] + です。」:
- 「あなたは何歳ですか?」(Anata wa nan sai desu ka?)
- 「妹さんは何歳ですか?」(Imōtosan wa nan sai desu ka?)
Happy learning, and may you grow more confident in your Japanese conversations!